The developmental theory in criminology conceptualises an individual's present behaviour as heavily influenced by their past experiences. Quantitative research in support of this theory seeks to establish a clear behavioural pattern linking early childhood experiences or life events with the likelihood of offending.

The civil sector is composed of non-profit and community-based organizations independent of the government. These organisations secure funding through donations or charging fees to users who avail of their services.

The public sector is composed of the government and its branches. The cost of running services is usually provided for through tax revenues.

"Window Guidance" refers a practice where the Central Banks provide informal guidelines and recommendations to governments and banks to direct credit activities towards specific sectors of the economy, as opposed to using traditional monetary policy tools (e.g. interest rate adjustments). These guidelines can include but is not limited to, approving loans and steering them towards specific sectors.

"Accelerationism" refers to strategies of drastic measures and changes to create radical social transformation